Shared E-Micromobility Systems: Infrastructure Design, Fleet Rebalancing Operations, and Integration with Public Transport

Confirmation seminar presented by Reza Saadati

Shared e-micromobility systems, such as e-scooters and e-bikes, have the potential to improve urban accessibility and support first- and last-mile travel. However, their performance depends on three closely related aspects: the design of station-based (SB) and free-floating (FF) infrastructure, the operational management of charging and rebalancing, and their integration with public transport.

The first part of this research investigates the strategic design of hybrid micromobility systems that combine stations and FF zones. A time-dependent mixed-integer optimisation model is proposed to determine the locations of stations and FF zones, size charging infrastructure, and track fleet inventories and battery state of charge under time-varying demand.

Building on these strategic decisions, the second part focuses on operational challenges related to rebalancing and energy management. A crowdshipper-based bilevel framework is developed in which crowdshippers perform parcel deliveries while simultaneously relocating micromobility vehicles, reducing reliance on dedicated truck fleets.

Finally, the study examines the integration of micromobility with public transport by jointly optimising the placement of stations, FF zones, and public transport transfer nodes to improve first- and last-mile accessibility and strengthen multimodal connectivity in urban transport networks.